I liked very much this analysis by Ryan Avent on “what does ‘above potential’ mean” (I provide an extended quote for it to be understandable and highlight crucial points):
In a column at Vox Antonio Fatas and Ilian Mihov describe an interesting new paper of theirs which posits a third phase of the business cycle. Expansions and contractions we all know and love, but that two-way division leaves out important dynamics, they reckon. Better to describe cycles in terms of a recession, in which output falls well below trend, a recovery, in which output returns to trend, and then an expansion, in which the economy grows more or less at trend. It’s a neat approach which allows them, among other things, to isolate the cost of recessions by computing the aggregate GDP loss relative to trend. The cost is big; they peg the loss from the current cycle at…
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Utopia, you are standing in it! 
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