A primary reason why the Chicago School played such an effective role in promoting laissez-faire capitalism throughout the third quarter of the twentieth century was the philosophical leadership provided by Friedrich von Hayek from the Committee on Social Thought and by Milton Friedman from the Department of Economics. These deep-thinking, widely-read scholars imbued the entire Chicago School program with a sound normative basis from which to direct their influential positive economic analyses.
The philosophy that drove Hayek and Friedman forward in their attack on statism and socialism in the professing of economics was not primarily a desire to maximize the wealth of a society – though that was never very far from their thinking. The fundamental driving force was a belief that individual freedom (or individual liberty) is the most highly-valued ethical goal, and an understanding that individual freedom was under severe threat from the progressive socialist agenda that was…
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