This article is excerpted from chapter 14 of Money, Method, and the Market Process, edited by Richard M. Ebeling. It was originally published in Modern Age (Spring 1961).]
The doctrine of natural law that inspired the 18th century declarations of the rights of man did not imply the obviously fallacious proposition that all men are biologically equal. It proclaimed that all men are born equal in rights and that this equality cannot be abrogated by any man-made law, that it is inalienable or, more precisely, imprescriptible. Only the deadly foes of individual liberty and self-determination, the champions of totalitarianism, interpreted the principle of equality before the law as derived from an alleged psychical and physiological equality of all men.
The French declaration of the rights of the man and the citizen of November 3, 1789, had pronounced that all men are born and remain equal in…
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