Some decisions invite undesirable behaviour, even if unintentional. Others can encourage desirable behaviour, but they have to be thought through. Think about taking the escalator, or taking the stairs.
There are the challenges of actions that have an immediate cost, but generate long-term benefits because human decision-making can be skewed to a present bias. This is an important aspect of what has become known as behavioural economics, and the subject of a State of the Art Lecture given by Philip Oreopoulos of the University of Toronto at the 50th meeting of the Canadian Economics Association.
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