by Tim Harding B.Sc. B.A.
(An edited version of this essay was published in The Skeptic magazine, June 2016, Vol 36, No. 2, under the title ‘Out of the Dark’. A talk based on this essay was also presented to the 2016 Australian Skeptics National Convention in Melbourne).
To the ancient Greeks, science was simply the knowledge of nature. The acquisition of such knowledge was theoretical rather than experimental. Logic and reason were applied to observations of nature in attempts to discover the underlying principles influencing phenomena.
After the Dark Ages, the revival of classical logic and reason in Western Europe was highly significant to the development of universities and subsequent intellectual progress. It was also a precursor to the development of empirical scientific methods in the thirteenth century, which I think were even more important because of the later practical benefits of science to humanity. The two most influential…
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Utopia, you are standing in it! 
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