James Francis Edward Stuart (June 10, 1688 – January 1, 1766), nicknamed the Old Pretender by Whigs, was the son of King James II-VII of England, Scotland and Ireland, and his second wife, Mary of Modena, (Maria Beatrice d’Este), the second (but eldest surviving) child of Alfonso IV, Duke of Modena, and his wife, Laura […]
September 16, 1701: Prince James, the Prince of Wales claims the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland. Part I.
September 16, 1701: Prince James, the Prince of Wales claims the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland. Part I.
17 Sep 2023 Leave a comment
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