Daniele Fanellis’ study claimed to be the first meta-analysis of surveys asking scientists about their experiences of misconduct. It found that, on average:
- About 2% of scientists admitted to have fabricated, falsified or modified data or results at least once and
- Up to one third admitted a variety of other questionable research practices including “dropping data points based on a gut feeling”, and “changing the design, methodology or results of a study in response to pressures from a funding source”.
- In surveys asking about the behaviour of colleagues, fabrication, falsification and modification had been observed, on average, by over 14% of respondents, and other questionable practices by up to 72%.
Bruno Frey found that at U.S. Universities:
- 17% of post-doctoral fellows said they would select or omit data to improve results; and
- 81% would select, omit or fabricate data to win research grants!
As one American elite sportsmen said, if you are not cheating, you are not trying hard enough.
Utopia, you are standing in it! 
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