Capitalism and the abolition of extreme poverty – mobile phones addition
07 Mar 2015 Leave a comment
Energy use versus pollution levels
06 Mar 2015 Leave a comment
in development economics, economic history, energy economics, environmental economics, growth miracles Tags: air pollution, capitalism and freedom, The Great Escape
The Great Escape in the developing world in the 20th century
02 Mar 2015 Leave a comment
in development economics, growth disasters, growth miracles
Source: Sam Peltzman.
How much does it cost to run for Congress in the Philippines?
01 Mar 2015 Leave a comment
in development economics, law and economics Tags: bribery and corruption, campaign finance reform, Philippines, political campaign
A candidate for Congress or for mayor in the Philippines has to spend around P73, 060, 000 (US$1,537,781).
The Congressmen in the Philippines must meet a huge payroll:
- As many as 6,000 ward leaders are maintained. They are the backbone of election campaign in the barangays (villages) where they live. They receive at least P2, 000 per month for three months prior to the election.
- In between elections, ward leaders of incumbents are hired as casuals or holds office in the city’s bureaucracy. Casuals have jobs for a minimum of three months a year. Then there are 15-30 ghost employees hired by the city or municipality.
- On election day, a candidate needs watchers for each of 3,000 precincts. At a minimum of P500 ($10.52) per watcher, the total cost is P3 million (63, 144) plus meals.
- Transportation costs amounts to at least P3 million ($63, 144).
- Costs of the campaign materials and many carnival style election rallies are conservatively pegged at P5 million ($105, 241).
My source then asks:
On this minimum conservative figure, why is a candidate willing to spend this amount in an election when the accumulated salaries of a mayor for a three-year term amounts to P 2 million ($42, 096) and P3 million ($63, 144) for a representative of the Lower House?
A successful Philippine presidential candidate expects to spend 3 billion pesos; a candidate for the Senate must spend at least ½ billion pesos. Senate candidates are elected on a single national ballot, so they must have a national payroll and a larger payroll in the provinces where they are strong.
Philippine politics is basically divided up into Communist and non-Communist political parties with a shifting kaleidoscope of alliances both between and within parties. Most alliances breakup and realign when a presidential election is looming, depending on who looks like being the winning side.
These costs of running for Congress do not include maintaining private armies, which some Philippine politicians do, especially in the south and in the poorer provinces. These private armies, at least 85 private armies of politicians have been identified, are for personal protection as well is intimidation of rival candidates. Many of these private armies are made up of moonlighting police officers.
I was in the Philippines for the election when Estrada was elected president. There were 40 murders in that election by the time I left. That is the average number for a Philippine national election. Most of the murders are associated with candidates for local or provincial elections.
Politics is very retail the Philippines, which is common through Asia. I once attended a public meeting with the visiting Vice-President of the Philippines in New Zealand. Every question but one was about how she could help members of the audience in some way at the personal level. The only political question was on abortion.
The two politicians who accompanied her sang or did a comedy routine rather than answer questions or make some sort of pitch to the audience on policy. One of these politicians who accompanied Vice-President Arroyo was an actress who was later elected to the Senate.
On ad hominem attacks
26 Feb 2015 Leave a comment
in development economics, environmental economics, environmentalism, global warming Tags: activists, climate alarmism, conjecture and refutation, green rent seeking, philosophy of science, precautionary principle
Is Piketty a double secret neoliberal? A charter schools fan even?
25 Feb 2015 Leave a comment
in applied welfare economics, development economics, economic history, growth miracles, human capital, labour economics, politics - New Zealand, politics - USA, poverty and inequality Tags: Paul Krugman, Thomas Piketty
The shifting sources of greenhouse gas emissions
24 Feb 2015 Leave a comment
in development economics, environmental economics, global warming, growth miracles, politics - Australia, politics - New Zealand, politics - USA Tags: China, climate alarmism, free riding, game theory, global public goods, global warming
Utopia, you are standing in it! 
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