The Great Enrichment since 1979 in the USA

Over the past one-, two-, and three-decade periods, both middle class and poor households have experienced noticeable gains in living standards. Their gains are slower than those experienced by middle-income families in the earlier post-war era, but the gains are well above zero.

In 1980, in-kind benefits and employer and government spending on health insurance accounted for just 6% of the after-tax incomes of households in the middle one-fifth of the distribution. By 2010 these in-kind income sources represented 17% of middle class households’ after-tax income

…The broadest and most accurate measures of household income are published by the CBO. CBO’s newest estimates confirm the long-term trend toward greater inequality, driven mainly by turbo-charged gains in market income at the very top of the distribution. The market incomes of the top 1% are extraordinarily cyclical, however. They soar in economic expansions and plunge in recessions. Income changes since 2007 fit this pattern.

What many observers miss, however, is the success of the nation’s tax and transfer systems in protecting low- and middle-income Americans against the full effects of a depressed economy.

via Gary Burtless

Charts showing everyone is seriously richer after-taxes

income-growth-disparity-full

Everyone is 30-50% richer.

Chart 18

Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group, 1979 to 2011

Microsoft PowerPoint - Group C Federal Budget (KF).pptx [Read-Only]

Ordinary Americans do not pay much in taxes.

CBO

Low income Americans receive large amounts of government transfers and increases their income by at least 50%

NY Times

The middle-class is getting seriously smaller because more of them are getting richer

The rich are getting poorer

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Hayek on a central misunderstanding about inequality

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Beware The Man Of One Study | Minimum wage studies

ht: http://slatestarcodex.com/2014/12/12/beware-the-man-of-one-study/

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Economics as Incredulity : Working conditions during the Industrial Revolution

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Was Moynihan Right?

ednext_XV_2_mclanahan_fig01-small

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HT: http://educationnext.org/was-moynihan-right/

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Roland Fryer: Racial Inequality in the 21st Century – The Declining Significance of Discrimination

Roland Fryer carried a gun at 14 as a member of the gang; worked extra jobs at college to pay off his father’s bail bondsman; and an assistant professor at Harvard at the age of 27. He is the sharpest economist around working on the economics of inequality and discrimination.

Is the middle-class disappearing?

The Stigler diet is still as cheap as can be

The always excellent Matthew Kahn reminded me today of the Stigler diet: George Stigler’s famous 1945 journal article The Cost of Subsistence in the Journal of Farm Economics. Stigler posed this problem:

For a moderately active man (economist) weighing 154 pounds, how much of each of 77 foods should be eaten on a daily basis so that the man’s intake of nine nutrients (including calories) will be at least equal to the recommended dietary allowances suggested by the National Research Council in 1943, with the cost of the diet being minimal.

Stigler managed to find a nearly optimal daily diet of:

  • 1.6 pounds of wheat flour,
  • 0.3 pounds of cabbage,
  • 0.6 ounces of spinach,
  • 0.4 pounds of pancake flour,
  • 1.1 ounces of pork liver.

All of this food necessary to sustain health and weight of a moderately active man amounted to $0.16 per day in 1944, which is an annual cost of $39.93, not including leap years. A recent update for inflation put the annual cost of the Stigler diet at $561.43 in 2005. Not more than two dollars a day .

Stigler later concluded that the main issue about food consumption is a preference for a variety rather than a nutritional diet which could be obtained very low cost if you like cabbage, spinach, flour and a little bit of pork liver. For many years, pork liver was not available in my local supermarkets in Australia and New Zealand until recently when Asian buyers started to buy again.

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When various claims made about child poverty and children going without food, and adults too, the purpose of the Stigler diet in the calculations of the cost of subsistence is to show that it is actually extremely cheap to get the necessities of life in a capitalist society. Something more than either a lack of income in a modern welfare state or far from high prices of this extremely cheap, but spartan diet must be playing a role.

The great crossover: age of first marriage and of first birth

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Everyone is richer in the USA and the middle class is moving up

The middle class is shrinking in the USA because most of of 10% shrinkage is due to them becoming rich.

FT_15.01.29_MiddleClass_420px

Everyone is wealthier than in the past and would have been wealthier but for the Great Recession and the countless tax rises of Obama.

 

The first Paul Krugman on efficiency wage arguments for a higher minimum wage

HT: economistsview

The three laws of behavioural genetics

 

HT: Eric Turkheimer

NZ unemployment benefits are at Swedish levels

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