5 . The Inflationary Boom of the 1920s – Murray N Rothbard
15 Jul 2017 Leave a comment
in Austrian economics, business cycles, economic history, macroeconomics, monetary economics Tags: Austrian business cycle theory, monetary policy
Understanding the Great Depression
24 May 2017 1 Comment
in business cycles, economic history, great depression, macroeconomics, monetarism, monetary economics
Ed Prescott makes an excellent point in his last paragraph
16 May 2017 Leave a comment
Source: RBC Methodology and the Development of Aggregate Economic Theory Edward C. Prescott, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Staff Report 527 February 2016.
The one and only reason for the fall of the Celtic Tiger
11 May 2017 Leave a comment
in fiscal policy, macroeconomics, monetary economics, Public Choice, rentseeking
Costs of Inflation: Price Confusion and Money Illusion
09 Apr 2017 Leave a comment
in business cycles, macroeconomics, monetary economics Tags: inflation rates, inflation tax
Econ Duel: Does Fiscal Policy Work?
23 Dec 2016 Leave a comment
in business cycles, fiscal policy, monetary economics Tags: fiscal stimulus
Monetary policy versus fiscal policy | Finn E. Kydland
21 Nov 2016 Leave a comment
in budget deficits, business cycles, economic growth, fiscal policy, macroeconomics, monetary economics Tags: Finn Kydland
Does inflation stimulate the economy? | Robert E. Lucas
19 Oct 2016 Leave a comment
in fiscal policy, macroeconomics, monetary economics, Robert E. Lucas Tags: fiscal stimulus
Milton Friedman – Congressional House Economic Task Force (1993)
15 Oct 2016 Leave a comment
in economic history, fiscal policy, great depression, history of economic thought, macroeconomics, Milton Friedman, monetarism, monetary economics Tags: fiscal stimulus
Milton Friedman is said to have mesmerised several countries with a flying visit!?
30 Sep 2016 Leave a comment
in business cycles, economic growth, macroeconomics, Milton Friedman, monetarism, monetary economics, politics - Australia Tags: central banks, conspiracy theories, lags on monetary policy, monetary policy, rules versus discretion, The fatal conceit, The pretense to knowledge
Milton Friedman visited Australia in 1975. He spoke with government officials and appeared on the TV show Monday Conference. Apparently, that was enough for him to take over Australian monetary policy setting for the foreseeable future.
When working at the next desk to the monetary policy section in the late 1980s, I heard not a word of Friedman’s Svengali influence:
- The market determined interest rates, not the reserve bank was the mantra for several years. Joan Robinson would be proud that her 1975 visit was still holding the reins.
- Monetary policy was targeting the current account. Read Edwards’ bio of Keating and his extracts from very Keynesian treasury briefings to Keating signed by David Morgan that reminded me of macro101.
See Ed Nelson’s (2005) Monetary Policy Neglect and the Great Inflation in Canada, Australia, and New Zealand who used contemporary news reports from 1970 to the early 1990s to uncover what was and was not ruling monetary policy. For example:
“As late as 1990, the governor of the Reserve Bank rejected central-bank inflation targeting as infeasible in Australia, and cited the need for other tools such as wages policy (AFR, October 18, 1990).”
Bernie Fraser was still sufficiently deprogrammed in 1993 to say that “…I am rather wary of inflation targets.” Easy to then announce one in the same speech when inflation was already 2-3%.
When as a commentator on a Treasury seminar paper in 1986, Peter Boxhall – fresh from the US and 1970s Chicago educated – suggested using monetary policy to reduce the inflation rate quickly to zero, David Morgan and Chris Higgins almost fell off their chairs. They had never heard of such radical ideas.
In their breathless protestations, neither were sufficiently in-tune with their Keynesian educations to remember the role of sticky wages or even the need for the monetary growth reductions to be gradual and, more importantly, credible as per Milton Freidman and as per Tom Sargent’s End of 4 big and two moderate inflations papers.
I was far too junior to point to this gap in their analytical memories about the role of sticky wages, and I was having far too much fun watching the intellectual cream of the Treasury senior management in full flight. At a much later meeting, another high flying deputy secretary was mystified as to why 18% mortgage rates were not reining in the current account in 1989.
Friedman’s Svengali influence did not extend to brainwashing in the monetarist creed that the lags on monetary policy were long and variable. The 1988 or 1989 budget papers put the lag on monetary policy at 1 year, which is short and rapier, if you ask me.
When did Canberra policy makers accept that inflation was a monetary phenomenon?
27 Sep 2016 3 Comments
in business cycles, economic history, macroeconomics, monetarism, monetary economics, politics - Australia Tags: central banks, monetary policy, The Great Inflation
Australian policymakers from at least 1971 viewed inflation as not a consequence of their monetary policy decisions. There were repeated references by them to wage-price spirals and both unsuccessful (1977) and successful attempts (1981) at wage freezes.
The prices and incomes accord from 1983 onwards was just another 1970s wage tax trade-off. An Incomes policy attributes inflation to non-monetary factors, as did Fraser and Lynch regularly.
• It was not until 1980 that the Fraser government’s monetary policy became genuinely anti-inflationary. With a lag, these changes halved inflation to the mid-single digits by 1983. The implementation lag on the 1975 Monday conference programme must have been long and variable and lasted for a three year window!? Three years out of 20 is hardly a monetarist hegemony!
• Australia had lower CPI inflation in the 1980s than the 1970s, but this was marred by rebounds in 1985–86 and 1988–90 to near 9%.
The monetary policy regime change in the late 1980s was triggered by factors besides rising inflation: a demonic view of currant account.
After several years of high interest rates, the budget papers forecasted a moderate slowing:
• The budget GDP forecast for 1990-91 was 2% with an actual of minus 0.4%; for inflation the actual and forecast were 5.3% versus 6.5%; 1989-90 inflation rate was 8% with GDP growth of 3.3%.
• In 1991-92, the budget GDP forecast was 1.5% with an actual of 2.1%; for inflation the actual and forecast were 1.9% versus 3.8%.
• In 1992-93, the budget papers forecast for inflation 3% for an actual of 1%.
• In 1993-94, the budget forecast for inflation 3.5% for an actual of 1.8%.
The monetarists in the Treasury, entranced as they were by Friedman’s 1975 visit, still had not clicked to the link between a tight monetary policy and low inflation as late as 1993. Australia pursued a stop-go monetary policy from 1971 to the early 1990s.
I worked in the next desk to the monetary policy section in the Prime Minister’s Department in the 1980s. They were determined that market set interest rates, not monetary policy.
I suggest you read the biography of keating by john edwards(?) – his economic advisor in the late 1980s.
Edwards quotes from numerous Treasury briefings to Keating. the Treasury remembered their Keynesian educations well, as did those at DPMC. the prices and incomes accord was very Keynesian: inflation as a non-monetary phenomenon
Mentioning Friedman’s name in the 1980s at job interviews would have been extremely career limiting. Not much better in the early 1990s. Back in the late 1980s, Friedman was graduating from ‘a wild man in the wings’ to just a suspicious character in policy circles.
If you name dropped Hayek in the 1980s and 1990s, any sign of name recognition would have indicated that you were been interviewed by people who were very widely read.
Did @AnnPettifor correctly predict the global financial crisis in 2003?
21 Sep 2016 1 Comment
in economic history, global financial crisis (GFC), macroeconomics, monetary economics
You are not much of a leftover Marxist if you are not predicting a crisis in capitalism is on the horizon.
https://twitter.com/PolicyObsAUT/status/778456702655995904
Capitalism is supposed to collapse under its own inner contradictions.
Professional stock market tipsters are notorious from specialising in predicting doom as well and they still get listened too despite terrible forecasting records.
Plenty of people warned of dark days ahead in the lead up to the global financial crisis. An essay anyone can read with profit is Ross Levine’s An Autopsy of the U.S. Financial System: Accident, Suicide, or Negligent Homicide? His abstract says
The evidence is inconsistent with the view that the collapse of the financial system was caused only by the popping of the housing bubble (“accident”) and the herding behavior of financiers rushing to create and market increasingly complex and questionable financial products (“suicide”).
Rather, the evidence indicates that senior policymakers repeatedly designed, implemented, and maintained policies that destabilized the global financial system in the decade before the crisis. Moreover, although the major regulatory agencies were aware of the growing fragility of the financial system due to their policies, they chose not to modify those policies, suggesting that “negligent homicide” contributed to the financial system’s collapse.
The New York Times warned in 1999 that Fannie Mae was taking on so much risk that an economic downturn could trigger a “rescue similar to that of the savings and loan industry in the 1980s,” and emphasised this point again in 2003. Greenspan testified before a Senate committee in 2004 that the increasingly large and risky Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac portfolios could have enormously adverse ramifications.
You predict a financial crisis by pointing to adjustments in your share portfolio to take advantage of shorting the market and then showing how big a profit you made afterwards.
The movie The Big Short highlights that its protagonists had skin in the game. They were investing in mortgages or shorting the same in the expectation of the crash they were predicting. Much of the drama in the film is about how long their foretelling of a crash took to come true.
There were no windbags and armchair critics in The Big Short talking gloom and doom on the horizon without investing their own money to profit from their forecasts.
Utopia, you are standing in it! 
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