Henry IV of England and his claim to the English Throne

liamfoley63's avatarEuropean Royal History

From The Emperor’s Desk: in my recent post I discussed how Henry Bolingbroke became King Henry IV of England. Historians consider him a usurper and although he did have a strong hereditary claim to the throne his assumption of the crown was more of a right by conquest than him being the legal heir to King Richard II.

When Richard II was forced to abdicate the throne on September 29, 1399, Henry was next in line to the throne according to Edward III’s entailment of 1376. That entailment clearly reflects the operation of agnatic primogeniture, also known as the Salic law. At this time, it was by no means a settled custom for the daughter of a king to supersede the brothers of that king in the line of succession to the throne.

Indeed, it was not an established belief that women could inherit the throne at all by right:…

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The Germany 2021 result and the electoral system

explains how Left party won list seats despite missing the 5% threshold

msshugart's avatarFruits and Votes

The German general election of 2021 has resulted in a situation in which neither major party can form a government without either the other, or more likely, a coalition that takes in both the liberal FDP and the Greens. With the largest party, the social-democratic SPD, under 30% of seats, it is an unusually fragmented result compared to most German elections. Naturally, this being Fruits & Votes, attention turns to how much more fragmented this outcome is than expected, given the electoral system. The answer may be a bit of a surprise: not all that much. I expected this outcome to be a significant miss for the Seat Product Model (SPM). But it is really not that far off.

For a two-tier PR system, of which Germany’s MMP can be thought of as a subtype, we need to use the extended version of the SPM developed in Votes…

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So true

David D. Friedman: the Case for Anarcho-Capitalism

12th Annual Feldstein Lecture – Summer Institute 2020 Claudia Goldin

Essential Coase: Transaction Costs & Institutions

Kevin Murphy and Robert Topel – Some Economics of Professionalism (February 15, 2012)

The FDA’s Oversight of Drug and Vaccine Development: Richard Epstein

Pumped hydro more expensive than batteries: why the winner is unclear

trustyetverify's avatarTrust, yet verify

Previous post ended with the conclusion of Brakels’ article that the “winner is unclear”. That is quite a surprising conclusion of an article praising the strengths of the batteries while downplaying the weaknesses. These are the two reasons why Brakels thinks that the winner is unclear (my emphasis):

But because Snowy Hydro 2 may come in at less than the $10 billion or so I expect and because I can’t be certain the additional return from the battery setup will be enough to replace them when they fail, I can’t pick a winner.

The second argument is the most interesting. That statement looks rather cryptic and the meaning depends on the definition of the words “return” and “fail”.

“Return” could mean financial return and “fail” could mean end of economical life (additional financial return of the battery/solar scenario is not enough to replace the installation after its economical…

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September 30, 1399: Henry Bolingbroke is declared King of England and Lord of Ireland as Henry IV.

liamfoley63's avatarEuropean Royal History

Henry IV (April 1367 – 20 March 1413) was King of England from 1399 to 1413. He asserted the claim of his grandfather King Edward III, a maternal grandson of Philippe IV of France, to the Kingdom of France. Henry was the first English ruler since the Norman Conquest, over three hundred years prior, whose mother tongue was English rather than French. He was known as Henry Bolingbroke before ascending to the throne.

Family Connections

Henry was the son of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, and his first wife Blanche. Gaunt was the third son of King Edward III. Blanche was the daughter of the wealthy royal politician and nobleman Henry of Grosmont, Duke of Lancaster.

Henry of Grosmont was the only son of Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster (c. 1281–1345); who in turn was the younger brother and heir of Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster (c. 1278–1322). They…

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Image

Platoon

Great Books Guy's avatarGreat Books Guy

Platoon (1986) Director: Oliver Stone

“I think now, looking back, we did not fight the enemy; we fought ourselves. And the enemy… was in us.”

★★★★☆

Often compared to Coppola’s Apocalypse Now and Kubrick’s Full Metal Jacket, Platoon is based on Director Oliver Stone’s personal experiences in Vietnam. He created the film, in part, to counter the optimistic pro-war propaganda of John Wayne’s The Green Berets (1968) which was critiqued by many veterans, as well. Platoon became part I of an eventual trilogy of films by Oliver Stone focused on the Vietnam War, followed by Born on the Fourth of July (1989) and Heaven & Earth (1993).

Platoon is a film that explores the nature of courage. How does a soldier act courageously in an unjust war? What is courage in the midst of horrendous savagery? We (the audience) experience the Vietnam War through the eyes of Chris…

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Vaccinations by age

Michael Reddell's avatarcroaking cassandra

Still on health matters, I’ve been intrigued for a while at what was happening to vaccination rates stratified by age. For all that politicians and the media burble on, emote even, about differences by ethnicity, the data on Covid itself seem crystal clear: by far the biggest demographic risk factor for getting seriously ill or dying of Covid (and thus of resulting in pressure on the health system) is age. The Hendy et al modelling used this data (from this 2020 paper).

age factor covid death

I’ve seen people suggest these absolute numbers may be out of date, and epidemiologists can argue about that, but my point simply is that no one seems to dispute the significance of age. It isn’t just a linearly increasing risk: the risks for (say) the over-80s are far far higher than those for even people in their 50s.

The government of course recognised this initially in allowing old…

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INTERESTING DATA FROM THE MoH

The Veteran's avatarNo Minister

The Ministry of Health has released data on the August Delta outbreak updated to as of yesterday. You can access it here .

Some extracts ….

Of the 1,230 cases reported 84.8% were from the 0-59 age group.

65.9% of cases were from those who self identified as Pacifica with a further 16.9% as Maori. Asians came in third at 7.8% with Europeans fourth at 7.5%.

Of the 258 cases requiring hospitalisation 68% were from the 0-59 age group.

What does the data tell us?

You tell me.

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Human Capital Investment, Inequality, and Growth with Kevin Murphy

David Friedman – Dating Markets, Legal Systems, Bitcoin, and Automation | The Lunar Society #16

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