Friedman’s 2nd Law –the government cannot give anything away: free public schools version

Via via Stephen Gibbons Big ideas: valuing schooling through house prices.

Teachers are pretty well paid in New Zealand

Becoming president is part of the college premium

There are big differences in educational attainment across Europe

New Zealand spends a lot in education for a pretty average education premium in return

Finishing year 10 of high school was a very much a mid-20th century phenomenon

image

Source: Average Years of Education | Clio Infra.

Difference in PISA scores of 15-year-old female and male students on reading literacy: 2012

via nces.ed.gov

Trends in bachelor degrees conferred on women since 1970

A lot of women did information science in the 70s, close to 40% of all information science majors, then women moved away to invest in other majors. It would be laughable to suggest that information science was more welcoming to women in the 1970s but not now. Clearly, a third set of factors is at play unrelated to hostile working environments. Similarly, a large number of women did maths and statistics then that trend petered out in the 1980s.

13% of American biology teachers should be fired

Charles Murray explains the Let No Child Be Left Behind Act

The United States Congress, acting with large bipartisan majorities, at the urging of the President, enacted as the law of the land that all children are to be above average.  - Charles Murray

Image

The rising educational attainment of the poor

Has this gone out of style since I was at university, which was much later?

Check out the hairstyles and fashion.

Whitlam’s curse – How higher education drives inequality among the bottom 99%

Gough Whitlam abolished tuition fees at Australian universities in 1972. The idea was to reduce inequality. He entrenched it instead, and gave a flying start to those of already above-average talents.

David Autor in a recent paper has illustrated how the gap between the highly educated and the less educated is growing at a far faster rate than the gap between the top 1% in the bottom 99% in the USA. David Autor argues that

a single minded focus on the top 1% can be counterproductive given that the changes to the other 99% have been more economically significant.

 

  1. since the early 1980s, the earnings gap between workers with a high school degree and those with a college education has become four times greater than the shift in income during the same period to the very top from the 99%.
  2. Between 1979 and 2012, the gap in median annual earnings between households of high-school educated workers and households with college-educated ones expanded from $30,298 to $58,249, or by roughly $28,000.
  3. If the incomes of the bottom 99% are grown at the same pace as the top 1% their incomes would have increased by $7000 per household.

Autor argues that the growth of skill differentials among the other 99% is more consequential than the rise of the 1% for the welfare of most citizens.

via How Education Drives Inequality Among the 99% – Real Time Economics – WSJ.

Indian parents are scaling walls to help their kids cheat because economics

I ask what is the point of passing an exam where there is widespread cheating, and in consequence the exam has little credibility. What is the point of holding an exam when there is widespread cheating?

If you seek to learn skills, cheating would be totally counter-productive. But if the exam simply produces a credential that people accept, students look for ways to get the credential as painlessly as possible.

Cheating works best if the signalling model of education is true. Students should cheat more in those courses that offer the least productivity gains.

Serious cheaters have been found to be more likely to be younger and have a lower grade point average. But as  argues

“I sometimes find evidence of cheating on exams but I rarely take action, I don’t have to.  Almost invariably the cheaters get abysmally low grades even without penalty.

Some people I know get annoyed when students without evident handicap ask for and receive special treatment such as extra time on exams.  I comply without rancor as the extra time never seems to help.  Over the years I have had a number of students ask for incompletes.  None have ever become completes.

I call this the law of below averages.”

 

Still further evidence of the reversing gender gap, this time in education

Millennials On Track to be the Most Educated Generation to Date

via How Millennials compare with their grandparents 50 years ago | Pew Research Center.

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