The New Zealand gender wage gap is 6%, not 36% as the Greens claim

The gender wage gap is fading away for women aged 25 to 34

The Narrowing of the Gender Earnings Gap, 1980-2012

via Chapter 1: Trends from Government Data | Pew Research Center’s Social & Demographic Trends Project.

The mummy penalty in the labour market

image

via 5 Things You Didn’t Know About the Gender Gap in Wages – WSJ.

Still further evidence of the reversing gender gap, this time in education

Millennials On Track to be the Most Educated Generation to Date

via How Millennials compare with their grandparents 50 years ago | Pew Research Center.

The asymmetric marriage premium illustrated by the division of childcare

Paid Work Hours, by Number of Children

Most Mothers Experience a Major Career Interruption

The Workplace Is Even More Sexist In Movies Than In Reality | FiveThirtyEight

hickey-datalab-creditjob

via The Workplace Is Even More Sexist In Movies Than In Reality | FiveThirtyEight.

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New Zealand has the smallest gender wage gap in the world

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The explosion in women’s professional education just after the pill became widely available

Source: whitehouse.gov

Another boy’s own analysis by the IMF of the decline of unions and inequality in recent decades

we find strong evidence that lower unionization is associated with an increase in top income shares in advanced economies during the period 1980–2010

jaumotte chart 1

Gender analysis! Gender analysis! Where is the gender analysis, which is central to any analysis of inequality in and outside of the labour market!

Embedded image permalink

Women have done swimmingly over the last few decades in terms of closing the gender wage gap, increasing labour force participation and overtaking men in investment in higher education.

As for unions and women, their record of discrimination against women as  threat to the union wage premium was so appalling that even Hollywood was willing to take a swipe at unions and the hostility with which mining unions, for example, greeted the first female miners.

In spite of women’s early involvement in labour struggles, deeply ingrained prejudices against women taking a full role in the workplace were often reinforced by labour unions themselves. Women were seen as mere auxiliaries to the movement, or worse, as threats to men’s jobs.

HT: whitehouse.gov

Are women just too smart to be computer scientists?

Women started drifting away from computer science in the mid-1980s. The interpretation put forward by the professional grievance industry, that is, by National Public Radio in the USA is:

The share of women in computer science started falling at roughly the same moment when personal computers started showing up in U.S. homes in significant numbers.

These early personal computers weren’t much more than toys. You could play pong or simple shooting games, maybe do some word processing.

And these toys were marketed almost entirely to men and boys. This idea that computers are for boys became a narrative. It became the story we told ourselves about the computing revolution. It helped define who geeks were, and it created techie culture.

Source: NPR

Another interpretation is there are systematic differences between teenage boys and teenage girls in verbal and written skills. Young women moved away from enrolling in computer science because they could make better use of their superior written and verbal skills in medicine and law. Computer science is for those with inferior social skills, on average.

As for computers in the early days been marketed to men and boys, people with inferior verbal and reading skills would be attracted to sitting in front of the computer playing games because of their inferior social skills. Computers were expensive back in the 80s so marketing them to people with fewer social skills is sensible as they were more willing to spend money to fill the extra time they spend on their own.

The difference in reading and verbal skills between girls and boys at the age of 15 is equal to 6-months extra schooling. Six months schooling explains a lot of the wage gaps on ethnic, racial and gender lines. Not surprisingly, fewer women do computer science because their superior reading and verbal skills qualify them for medicine and law where they can take greater advantage of their mix of talents.

It is all about being the best you can be. As many women as men ending up in STEM occupations does not necessarily mean people are making the choices that help them be the best they can be because some women may not be taking advantage of their superior reading skills.

Longer Maternity Leave Not So Great for Women After All

The left-wing parties around the world and in New Zealand have long tried to keep women’s wages down and hold their careers back by increasing the generosity of maternity leave.

gedner wage gap maternity leave

Francine Blau argues that:

  • Family-friendly policies make it easier for women to combine work and family and women’s advancement at work. Such policies facilitate the labor force entry of less career-oriented women (or of women who are at a stage in the life cycle when they would prefer to reduce labor market commitments).
  • Long, paid parental leaves and part-time work may encourage women who would have otherwise had a stronger labor force commitment to take part-time jobs or lower-level
    positions.
  • Such policies may lead employers to engage in statistical discrimination against women for jobs leading to higher-level positions, if employers cannot tell which women are likely to avail themselves of these options and which are not. These policies may leave women less likely to be considered for high-level positions.

More women will work more women will work as a result of maternity leave, but more of these women all work part time, instead of full-time.

At bottom, paying women to spend extended periods of time out of the workforce at crucial times of their career in their late 20s and their 30s does them no favours in terms of advancing their careers.

Where women fare worst and best in the labour market in terms of cash wages

women worst  best

Occupations that most value long hours, face time at the office and being on call — like business, law and surgery — tend to have the widest pay gaps. That is because those employers pay people who spend longer hours at the office disproportionately more than they pay people who don’t, Dr. Goldin found. A lawyer who works 80 hours a week at a big corporate law firm is paid more than double one who works 40 hours a week as an in-house counsel at a small business.

Jobs in which employees can easily substitute for one another have the slimmest pay gaps, and those workers are paid in proportion to the hours they work.

Pharmacy is Dr. Goldin’s favorite example. A pharmacist who works 40 hours a week generally earns double the salary of a pharmacist who works 20 hours a week, and as a result, the pay gap for pharmacists is one of the smallest.

via artdiamondblog.com.

Richard Posner on libertarian scepticism about law as an engine of women’s liberation

Image

The power of the asymmetric marriage premium

Michelle Budig, 2014

HT: wonkblog

How are women doing in the US when it comes to political & business leadership positions

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