Tom Sargent keynote address Emergency Economic Summit for Greece (1 June 2015)

Bankrupt Greece spends 17.5% of its GDP on pensions

A country that spends nearly a fifth of its GDP on old-age pensions with surprisingly few people over the age of 55 working should not be surprised when it finds itself in financial difficulty.

Sovereign defaults are mainly a Latin American thing

Real GDP Portugal, Italy, Greece and Spain (PIGS) – 1955 to 2013

Figure 1: Real GDP per Portuguese, Italian, Greek and Spaniard aged 15-64, converted to 2013 price level with updated 2005 EKS purchasing power parities, 1955-2013

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Source: Computed from OECD Stat Extract and The Conference Board, Total Database, January 2014, http://www.conference-board.org/economics

Figure 2: Real GDP per Portuguese, Italian, Greek an Spaniard aged 15-64, converted to 2013 price level with updated 2005 EKS purchasing power parities, 1.9 per cent detrended, 1955-2013

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Source: Computed from OECD Stat Extract and The Conference Board, Total Database, January 2014, http://www.conference-board.org/economics

Note that a flat line in figure 2 is growth in real GDP for that year at 1.9%; a rising line is above trend rate of growth; and a falling line is below trend rate growth for that year.

The PIGS had three distinct phases in their post-war growth. Rapid growth up until about the mid 70s. Growth at about the trend rate of growth of 1.9% until about 2000 in the case of Italy. This was followed by slow decline then rapid decline after the global financial crisis.

Figure 3: Real GDP per Italian aged 15-64, converted to 2013 price level with updated 2005 EKS purchasing power parities, 1.9 per cent detrended, 1955-2013

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Source: Computed from OECD Stat Extract and The Conference Board, Total Database, January 2014, http://www.conference-board.org/economics

Greece had a different story with the long decline between 1979 to 1995. This was followed by 10 good years of growth followed by sharp decline with the onset of the global financial  crisis.

Figure 4: Real GDP per Greek aged 15-64, converted to 2013 price level with updated 2005 EKS purchasing power parities, 1.9 per cent detrended, 1955-2013

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Source: Computed from OECD Stat Extract and The Conference Board, Total Database, January 2014, http://www.conference-board.org/economics

Portugal was in a boom In the 1980s and 1990s followed by what borders on a depression since about 2000.

Figure 5: Real GDP per Portuguese aged 15-64, converted to 2013 price level with updated 2005 EKS purchasing power parities, 1.9 per cent detrended, 1955-2013

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Source: Computed from OECD Stat Extract and The Conference Board, Total Database, January 2014, http://www.conference-board.org/economics

Spain had a pretty good run from the mid-1980s until the eve of the global financial crisis with somewhat above trend growth after a period of decline in the 1970s.

Figure 6: Real GDP per Spaniard aged 15-64, converted to 2013 price level with updated 2005 EKS purchasing power parities, 1.9 per cent detrended, 1955-2013

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Source: Computed from OECD Stat Extract and The Conference Board, Total Database, January 2014, http://www.conference-board.org/economics

What is left of Greece

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The ease of enforcing contractual rights in Europe

Greece’s Great Depression

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The Greek great depression compared

br wed reads

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Greece spent a lot of its history in sovereign default

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The share market speaks on Grexit: banknote printer shares soar

Where the €227B loans to Greece since 2010 have gone

Why are the Greeks so upset?

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What happens when you play “chicken” with a game theorist (The Greek Finance Minister)?

Luke Froeb suggests:

However, opting for forgiveness risks creating dangerous incentives for other countries to act in the same way as Athens. “Germany may decide that if the eurozone does not punish Greece, it will have problems with other countries such as Spain and Italy,” says Roger Myerson, a Nobel-winning economist at the University of Chicago.

Mr Varoufakis should therefore try to convince Germany that Athens’ situation is unique and that other eurozone countries will not seek debt relief as a result, he says. In doing so, he would follow the illustrious precedent of the citizens of Melos, to whom Athens, during the Peloponnesian war between Athens and Sparta, gave the choice of surrendering or facing annihilation.

“The Melians sought to argue that they were different and that sparing them would not set a dangerous precedent vis-à-vis other islands,” says Mr Myerson.

The problem with this strategy, however, is that the other player may choose to build a reputation for toughness. This is what Athens opted for — it laid siege to the island and starved the inhabitants into submission.

via Managerial Econ: What happens when you play “chicken” with a game theorist? and Greek Game Theory: Default, Devaluation, Deliverance?..

Who owns Greek debt?

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Greece’s problem is Rule Of Law

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