Israel outdoes Canada in venture capitalism

The S&P index in the 20th century and beyond

Left-wing hypocrisy knows no bounds – unionising workforce edition

https://twitter.com/pmarca/status/627305013820272640

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The American stock market is highly regulated

If bureaucrats were any good at picking winners, they would be hedge funds managers

@ReserveBankofNZ will never be any good at forecasting

The occupations of the top 1% and the top 0.1%

More evidence on the rise and rise of the working super rich – the top income earners are top wage earners now

Milton Friedman on speculation

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The share market capitalisation of the top tech companies

And the rich got richer, who cares

Was the Chinese share market crash rational asset-price movements without news?

Large share market crashes  such as over the recent months in China and the 1987 Wall Street crash do not necessarily imply an economic slowdown.

The majority of major share market movements occur without any particular news hitting the market. Studies of the 50 largest share market movements in the US stock market between 1946 and 1987 found that the majority of them could not be explained by news. That includes the 1987 share market crash. In October 1987, shares fell by 20% in one day for no obvious reason.

David Romer explained these booms and busts, including the 1987 share market crash in two ways: investor uncertainty about the quality of other investors’ information; and dispersion of information and small costs to trading:

Asset prices can change because initially the market does an imperfect job of revealing the relevant information possessed by different investors and because developments within the market can then somehow cause more of that information to be revealed…

The possibility of imperfect aggregation implies an alternative to external news and irrationality as a potential source of asset-price movements: some price changes may be caused by “internal” news.

That is, asset prices can change because initially the market does an imperfect job of revealing the relevant information possessed by different investors and because developments within the market can then somehow cause more of that information to be revealed.

Either of these models are perfectly plausible. Investors learn from each other through trading and improve their estimations of the value of various shares.

As such, through internal learning and discovery within the share market there can be booms and crashes despite no new information, no communication, and no coordination among the participants in trading. Underneath the surface, there is a gradual updating of information by the participants and at a certain point in time, this causes a sudden change of behaviour.

Dow and Gorton made similar points to David Romer about how share market learning is a process of learning, judgement and error correction rather than an instant adjustment:

Strategic interaction and the complexity of the information result in a protracted price response.

Indeed, equilibrium price paths of the model may display reversals in which the two traders rationally revise their beliefs, first in one direction, and then in the opposite direction, even though no new information has entered the system.

A piece of information which is initially thought to be bad news may be revealed, through trading, to be good news.

Bubbles and crashes are consistent with private information held by a few slowly dispersing among market participants until this knowledge was reflected in stock prices as in Hayek’s (1945) analysis of the price mechanism as a means of communicating information.

HT: The one thing you should remember about the stock market crash of 1987 | Business Insider.

The share market speaks on recent British elections

Entrepreneurial alertness in index-linked passive investing front-running

The traders are simply buying stocks before they’re added to the indexes that, by definition, index funds must track.

As the popularity of index investing soars to new heights, the emergence of index front-running is raising fundamental questions about so-called passive investment strategies, as well as how indexes are compiled and the role the funds themselves play in elevating costs.

By one estimate, it gouges owners of funds tracking the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index to the tune of $4.3 billion a year, a sum that can double or even triple the cost of such investments…

Take American Airlines Group Inc., which joined the S&P 500 after markets closed on March 20. Because the addition of the carrier was announced four days earlier, nimble traders had plenty of time to get in front of the less fleet-footed. American jumped 11 percent over the span.

The cost was ultimately borne by index funds, which sparked an $8 billion buying frenzy in the two minutes right before the close — an amount equal to more than two weeks of the stock’s typical volume…

Financial crises surprisingly common, but few countries close their banks

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