More than 15% of unemployed Europeans haven’t had a job for more than four years

The Great Escape actually accelerated after the GFC

A history of interest rates

Whose workers paid most in income tax and social security contributions?

The mancession

Longest time without a recession

Human capital accumulation and economic growth

Did Obama’s fiscal stimulus work?

Forecasting is not getting any easier

The ups and downs of the Greek economy

Could Wealth Redistribution End Global Poverty?

via Could Wealth Redistribution End Global Poverty? | Acton PowerBlog.

@NZGreens @TransportBlog cars rule in Auckland! Auckland commuting times by transport mode

I am not surprised only 7% of Auckland’s take public transport to work considering it takes much longer than any other form of commuting.

image

Source: New Zealand Household Travel Survey: Travel to work, by main urban area results (3-year moving average).

The average commute by public transport is 40 minutes as compared to less than 25 in a car. 74% of Aucklanders drive to work and another 9% are a passenger in a car.

image

Source: New Zealand Household Travel Survey: Travel to work, by main urban area results (3-year moving average).

No information was available on those who bike to work because only 1% of Aucklanders bike to work. Only 2% of all New Zealanders take a bike to work. The sample size was therefore too small. Yet another reason to ban bikes at night. Few commute on this mode of transport in Auckland.

The near identical commuting distances irrespective of the mode of transport except walking is further evidence that people are quite discerning in balancing commuting times and job selection as per the theory of compensating differentials. Indeed, average commuting times in Auckland are much the same as the average commuting time in America.

The Auckland transport data showing people commute much the same distance by any mode of transport bar walking also validates Anthony Downs’ theory of triple convergence.

Improving the commuting times in one mode of transport will mean people simply take the mode of peak hour transport that is suddenly become less congested while others who were not going to commute at peak times or start commuting at peak times as Anthony Downs explains:

If that expressway’s capacity were doubled overnight, the next day’s traffic would flow rapidly because the same number of drivers would have twice as much road space.

But soon word would spread that this particular highway was no longer congested. Drivers who had once used that road before and after the peak hour to avoid congestion would shift back into the peak period. Other drivers who had been using alternative routes would shift onto this more convenient expressway. Even some commuters who had been using the subway or trains would start driving on this road during peak periods.

Within a short time, this triple convergence onto the expanded road during peak hours would make the road as congested as it was before its expansion.

Marginal tax rate of average earners in USA, UK, Australia and New Zealand since 2000

Interesting to notice that in New Zealand and the USA after these increases in marginal tax rates on single taxpayers, their economies slowed down. What appears to have happened is a number of people reached the next income tax marginal tax rate threshold.

image

Source: OECD StatExtract.

The current sizes of government

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