The cost of starting a business in Europe and North America

These measures including the full cost of starting a business. Not only are official fees included, the opportunity cost of the waiting times for various permits are issued are added as well.

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Source: Markus Poschke, Entry regulation: Still costly | VOX, CEPR’s Policy Portal (2011).

Note: The value of time is set to a business day’s output per day of waiting time at 22 business days per month.

 

@BernieSanders @GrantRobertson1 why does anyone bother to work in #Denmark?

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% employees working more than 50 hours per week in the USA, UK, Japan, France, Germany, Canada, Italy, Australia, New Zealand, Denmark and Sweden

Them Continentals certainly are a bit work-shy especially the Nordics. All of them are pretty much afraid to put in a long week. Then again they do face rather high taxes on labour so what would you expect? The Japanese are still working themselves to death.

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Data extracted on 09 Mar 2016 22:25 UTC (GMT) from OECD.Stat – OECD Better Life Index 2015.

Effective marginal tax rates on single and dual earner families in the USA, Britain, France, Germany, Canada, Italy, Sweden, Denmark, Australia and New Zealand

Some countries including New Zealand and Australia do not give ordinary families much of an incentive to earn more. Effective marginal tax rates on low income families is one of the few times that the Left discovers supply-side economics.

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Source: Taxing Wages 2015 – OECD 2015.

Income tax plus employee Social Security contributions less tax benefits by family structure in the US, Britain, Canada, Germany, Italy, Denmark, France, Sweden, Australia and New Zealand

Those sensitive and caring northern European welfare states do tax families rather heavily even after accounting for family cash benefits.

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Source: Taxing Wages 2015 – OECD 2015.

Income tax plus employee contributions less cash benefits as % of earnings by family type in USA, Britain, Canada, Sweden, France, Italy, Denmark, Germany, Australia and New Zealand

Those much admired northern European welfare states tax families and individuals much more than do the Anglo-Saxon welfare states.

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Source: Taxing Wages 2015 – OECD 2015.

Income tax and social security contributions as a percentage of gross wage earnings in the USA, Britain, Canada, Germany, Denmark, Italy, France, Sweden, Australia and New Zealand

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Source: Taxing Wages 2015 – OECD 2015.

Income tax plus employee and employer social security contributions as % of labour costs in US, Britain, Germany, Italy, Canada, Australia, Sweden and Denmark

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Source: Taxing Wages 2015 – OECD 2015.

 .

Taxes on goods and services as a % of US, British, Danish, Canadian, French and German GDPs since 1965

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Source: Revenue Statistics – provisional data on tax ratios for 2014 – OECD.

@BernieSanders how did Danish, Swedish, Finnish & Norwegian billionaires make their money?

OK, Nordic billionaire population sizes might be small, but plenty more billionaires make their own money in neoliberal USA than in Bernie Sanders’ Utopia

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Source: Caroline Freund and Sarah Oliver, The Origins of the Superrich: The Billionaire Characteristics Database (2016).

Public, mandatory & voluntary private social expenditure, G7, Nordics, Australia & New Zealand

Mandatory and voluntary private social expenditure makes a big difference to the degree of social insurance in some countries but not others. The calculation of these numbers in purchasing power parity would be much more interesting.

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Source: OECD Income Distribution database.

% social benefits in cash by income quintile, G7, Nordics, Australia and New Zealand

Some welfare states are much more targeted. Australia has the most targeted welfare state in terms of public social benefits paid in cash to the bottom quintile (Q1) of income earners.

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Source: OECD Income Distribution database.

US, UK, Canadian and Danish health spending as % of GDP

Health spending is surprisingly stable outside of the USA. Even in the UK it was a gentle taper upwards.

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Source: OECD Health Statistics.

US, Danish, British, Canadian, Australian and New Zealand tax and social security burden net of cash benefits as a % of labour costs, one-earner married couple with two children since 2000

For some reason the Labour government in New Zealand in the mid-2000s could not bring itself to admit it was introducing a huge tax cut for families. To avoid admitting it ever gave a tax cut, that Labour government called the huge family tax credit introduced in 2004 and 2005 Working for Families.

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Source: Taxing Wages 2015 – OECD 2015

The above data does not include the effects of GST and VAT.

@BernieSanders MRI rationing – US v. Single-payer UK, Canada and Denmark

Single payer health insurance systems may have their advantages but one of which is not ready access to an MRI scan in the UK, Denmark or Canada.

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Source: OECD Health Statistics.

Remember that those aged over 65 in the USA are covered by Medicare; the poor and welfare beneficiaries are covered by Medicaid; and children of the working poor are covered by CHIPS.

I am told that dogs to get an MRI scan in Canada far quicker than humans. This is because dog owners can pay for the MRI scan. Private health insurance is unlawful in 9 of the 10 Canadian provinces.

There is considerable medical tourism from Canada to the USA, including by politicians who passionately support the single-payer system.

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